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Abstract Background To understand and care for men who self‐harm, it is important that healthcare professionals have understanding of how and why men self‐harm, men's experiences of self‐harm and what can be done to hinder or p...
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Abstract Background To understand and care for men who self‐harm, it is important that healthcare professionals have understanding of how and why men self‐harm, men's experiences of self‐harm and what can be done to hinder or prevent self‐harm. Aims The aim of this study was to synthesize the existing knowledge on men who self‐harm, with a special emphasis on background, self‐harming methods, experiences and reported therapeutic interventions and/or care approaches. Design Scoping review of internationally published and grey literature, based on a methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley. Data sources Systematic electronic database searches were conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid) and PsycINFO. From a total of 684?studies found, 24?studies met the inclusion criteria: full‐text, published in English, peer‐reviewed studies and grey literature including a focus on men who self‐harm, men aged between 18 and 65?years, and published between 2010 and 2019. Results Men's self‐harm was understood as being related to mental disorders, a means of affect regulation, a loss of self‐control, and a means of interpersonal communication. Self‐harm can be a positive or negative experience, and there is a wide variety in the methods that men use to self‐harm: sharp objects, injection, ingestion, without aids or riskful behaviour. Few studies reported on therapeutic interventions and/or care approaches for men who self‐harm. Conclusion Men's self‐harm should be understood as a complex, socially and culturally conditioned phenomenon and studied from a multitude of perspectives. Impact This scoping review concludes that self‐harm among men should be understood as a complex, socially and culturally conditioned phenomenon. To empower men and support their recovery from self‐harm, a person‐centred approach should be incorporated into research on the subject and practice.
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Abstract Objective Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) recovery has typically been conceptualized through the lens of formal frameworks or as the cessation of NSSI. These understandings, however, have been developed largely devoid of ...
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Abstract Objective Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) recovery has typically been conceptualized through the lens of formal frameworks or as the cessation of NSSI. These understandings, however, have been developed largely devoid of views from those with lived NSSI experience, who may offer novel and critical insights. To advance the conception of NSSI recovery, the current study elicited such views. Methods Two hundred and thirty‐three emerging adults with a history of NSSI (77% female, mean age?=?18.9 years), responded to open‐ended questions regarding recovery. Results were thematically analyzed using an inductive approach. Results Responses yielded seven themes: (a) recovery is complete NSSI cessation; (b) recovery is more than cessation; (c) recovery involves lingering NSSI features; (d) recovery involves developing resilience; (e) recovery is a process; (f) evolution in understanding recovery; and (g) recovery is a subjective experience. Conclusion Recovery seems to be multifarious, nonlinear, and subjective. Conceptual and clinical implications are discussed.
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The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature pertaining to family dynamics in the adult self‐harming population. PsycINFO, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Applie...
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The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature pertaining to family dynamics in the adult self‐harming population. PsycINFO, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) were searched for studies containing two keywords, one relating to self‐harm and the second relating to a family relationship. The final search was run on 4 August 2017. The electronic search yielded a total of 2,623 studies; 119 texts were selected for full review and twenty‐seven articles were included in the analysis. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the results. Results indicated that insecure parental attachments, neglectful, overprotective, disempowering and abusive parenting were associated with self‐harm. Similarly, insecure attachments and abusive relationships with romantic partners were linked to self‐harm. Finally, self‐harm was found to be related to poor family functioning.
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The study of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has focused largely on identifying diagnostic correlates and the functions of this behavior; however, little is known about the broader range of factors related to NSSI. We examined a w...
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The study of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has focused largely on identifying diagnostic correlates and the functions of this behavior; however, little is known about the broader range of factors related to NSSI. We examined a wide array of factors hypothesized to correlate with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and provided a qualitative analysis of adolescents' self-reported motivations for starting and stopping this behavior. Participants were 64 adolescents with a history of NSSI and 30 comparison adolescents without such a history matched on age, sex, and ethnicity recruited from the community and assessed during one laboratory visit. The presence of NSSI was associated with a family history of suicidal ideation, violence, and drug and alcohol abuse, but not with more general forms of psychopathology. NSSI also was associated with the presence of in utero complications, the occurrence of non-injurious repetitive behaviors during childhood, and endorsement of a homosexual or bisexual orientation. Self-injurers reported getting the idea to self-injure from peers (38%) more often than any other source, and most (78%) reported at least one reason for wanting to stop self-injury. Less than half were currently receiving treatment. This exploratory study provides new information about the correlates of NSSI that has implications for research and clinical work in this area.
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Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalentbut perplexing behavior problem in which people deliber-ately harm themselves without lethal intent. Researchreveals that NSSI typically has its onset during early ad-olescence; most of...
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Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalentbut perplexing behavior problem in which people deliber-ately harm themselves without lethal intent. Researchreveals that NSSI typically has its onset during early ad-olescence; most often involves cutting or carving the skin;and appears equally prevalent across sexes, ethnicities,and socioeconomic statuses. Less is known about whypeople engage in NSSI. This article presents a theoreticalmodel of the development and maintenance of NSSI.Rather than a symptom of mental disorder, NSSI is con-ceptualized as a harmful behavior that can serve severalintrapersonal (e.g., affect regulation) and interpersonal(e.g., help-seeking) functions. Risk of NSSI is increased bygeneral factors that contribute to problems with affectregulation or interpersonal communication (e.g., child-hood abuse) and by specific factors that influence thedecision to use NSSI rather than some other behavior toserve these functions (e.g., social modeling). This modelsynthesizes research from several different areas of theliterature and points toward several lines of researchneeded to further advance the understanding of why peo-ple hurt themselves.
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After decades of researchers calling for the creation of a self-injury syndrome, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders listed Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) disorder as a condition for furt...
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After decades of researchers calling for the creation of a self-injury syndrome, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders listed Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) disorder as a condition for further study. The purpose of this review is to provide information about the current status of research on NSSI disorder, current arguments for and against the disorder's creation, and areas that require further research. Specifically, we address the five biggest obstacles to validation: the need for clear delimitation from other psychiatric disorders as well as suicidal behavior, the need to fully explore the developmental course of the disorder, empirically establishing the most appropriate diagnostic criteria, and the potential clinical utility of creating a new disorder. With further research in these key areas, we expect that there will soon be enough evidence for the validity of NSSI disorder to warrant its inclusion in a future edition of the DSM. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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"Self-harm" is now proposed as a full-fledged diagnostic category for DSM-5. The existing literature of the topic posits that it is a transhistorical psychiatric category and that examples of self-harm can be found from the earlie...
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"Self-harm" is now proposed as a full-fledged diagnostic category for DSM-5. The existing literature of the topic posits that it is a transhistorical psychiatric category and that examples of self-harm can be found from the earliest written records, which is part of the underlying argument for its inclusion in DSM-5. However, how old is self-harm and, indeed, what defines self-harm historically and culturally?
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Although attempted suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSS1) differ in several important ways, a significant number of individuals report histories of both behaviors. The current study further examined the relations between NSS1...
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Although attempted suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSS1) differ in several important ways, a significant number of individuals report histories of both behaviors. The current study further examined the relations between NSS1 and attempted suicide among psychiatric inpatients. Self-report questionnaires were administered to 117 psychiatric inpatients at a general hospital (M = 39.45 years old, S.D. = 12.84 years, range = 17-73 years). We found that presence and number of NSSI episodes were significantly related to presence and number of suicide attempts. Supporting the importance of NSSI assessment, patients' history of NSSI (presence and frequency) was more strongly associated with history of suicide attempts than were patients' depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and symptoms of borderline personality disorder, and as strongly associated with suicide attempt history as current levels of suicidal ideation. Finally, among patients with a history of suicide attempts, those with an NSSI history reported significantly greater lethal intent for their most severe attempt, and patients' number of prior NSSI episodes was positively correlated with the level of lethal intent associated with their most severe suicide attempt.
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The present study reports the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), a measure designed to comprehensively assess the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The ISAS assesses 13 fun...
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The present study reports the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), a measure designed to comprehensively assess the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The ISAS assesses 13 functions of NSSI, as well as the frequency of 12 NSSI behaviors. The ISAS was administered to 235 young adults from a college population who had performed at least one NSSI behavior. Consistent with previous research, ISAS functions comprised two factors representing interpersonal and intrapersonal functions. In addition, the ISAS factors exhibited excellent internal consistency and expected correlations with both clinical constructs (e.g., borderline personality disorder, suicidality, depression, anxiety) and contextual variables (e.g., tendency to self-injure alone). Findings support the reliability and validity of the ISAS. The ISAS may be useful in research and treatment contexts as a comprehensive measure of NSSI functions.
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The present study reports the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), a measure designed to comprehensively assess the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The ISAS assesses 13 fun...
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The present study reports the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), a measure designed to comprehensively assess the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The ISAS assesses 13 functions of NSSI, as well as the frequency of 12 NSSI behaviors. The ISAS was administered to 235 young adults from a college population who had performed at least one NSSI behavior. Consistent with previous research, ISAS functions comprised two factors representing interpersonal and intrapersonal functions. In addition, the ISAS factors exhibited excellent internal consistency and expected correlations with both clinical constructs (e.g., borderline personality disorder, suicidality, depression, anxiety) and contextual variables (e.g., tendency to self-injure alone). Findings support the reliability and validity of the ISAS. The ISAS may be useful in research and treatment contexts as a comprehensive measure of NSSI functions.
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